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Peripheral and Clause-internal Complementizers in Bangla: A Case for Remnant Movement
Tanmoy Bhattacharya
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12. The discourse particle to and word ordering in Hindi: From grammar to discourse
Annie Montaut
Information Structuring of Spoken Language from a Cross-linguistic Perspective, 2000
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The discourse particle to and word ordering in Hindi; from grammar to discourse
Annie Montaut
In Information Structure and Spoken Language. Van Valin, Robert & Fernandez-Vest Jocelyne (eds). 263-282. Amsterdam/New York: Benjamins. Abstract: Word reordering is the most common way in Hindi for focalizing and thematizing a constituent, without morphological restructuration. A theme is thus fronted and a focus is preverbal. However, the language also displays other devices, namely particles, for this purpose, particularly but not only, for constituents already respectively fronted and preverbal in the unmarked order (SOV). The paper bears on the most frequent of such particles, the thematic enclitic particle to. Previous analyses have pointed to the extreme diversity of its meanings -- up to four “homonyms”: intensive, contrastive, assertive, request particle. The present study explains this diversity in terms of a common operation which involves inter-subjectivity. As a thematic particle, to requalifies the constituent as contrasting either with other elements present in the dialogue or with a view point on the constituent which has been previously expressed or attributed the other. Being highly sensitive to the exchange of distinct viewpoints, the particle may also cliticize to non-initial constituents, in which case it marks the whole statement as dismissing of opposing a previous proposal. The behaviour of the particle to may ultimately be traced to the other and older functions of the word used as a correlative pronoun and as a conjunction, which also presuppose an initial content as the starting point for a distinct predication or discourse sequence
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Morphosyntactic properties and scope behavior of ‘subordinate’ clauses in Puma (Kiranti)
Balthasar Bickel
Clause-combining in cross-linguistic perspective. 105-126. ISBN 978-3-11-028069-2, 2012
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Review of Peter Collins and David Lee (eds.) The clause in English: in honour of Rodney Huddleston (Studies in Language Companion Series). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999.
Bas Aarts
2001
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Subordination: A Perspective of Manipuri Embedded Clause Structures
Dr. Sagolsem Indrakumar Singh
Manipuri, being one of the Tibeto-Burman languages has a very unique place among the languages of the world. It has its own literatures and grammars and also is the richest preserver of the heritage of old literature than any other languages in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India. The present paper studies the syntactic structures regarding the various forms of embedded clauses prevailing in Manipuri. The analysis exhibits the facts that all the embedded clauses in Manipuri are constructed through the addition of nominalizer, quotative and nominalizer along with case markers. This paper also discusses structural and functional classification of embedded clauses in Manipuri. Structurally, embedded clauses are composed of by adding nominalizers, quotatives and nominalizers along with case markers. Functionally embedded clauses in a matrix sentence perform the function of nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
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Anti-agreement, anti-locality and minimality. The syntax of dislocated subjects
Patricia Schneider-Zioga
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 2007
Anti-agreement is the phenomenon whereby the morphosyntactic form of subject/verb agreement is sensitive to whether or not an agreeing subject has been locally extracted. This paper argues that, together with an anti-locality constraint on movement (Grohmann, 2003) which prohibits overly local movement as elaborated in (i–v), the occurrence of a canonically left dislocated subject in anti-agreement languages accounts for all syntax peculiar to the phenomenon in the Bantu language of Kinande: (i) subjects can extract long-distance even across islands; (ii) subjects are locally unextractable if the canonical subject/verb agreement occurs; (iii) local subject extraction requires a change in subject/verb agreement morphology; (iv) objects cannot locally extract even if they appear to do so; and (v) objects can extract long-distance; however, they are sensitive to islands. Evidence comes from an analysis of the distribution of nominal expressions in the language as well as in-depth examination of two different wh-question formation strategies in the language. This study also reveals that the last resort strategy in a language is relativized to what is first resort: if resumption is first resort, movement is last resort, and vice versa.
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Clause combining in the languages of Indonesia: Introduction
Asako Shiohara
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Proceedings of the thirty-eighth Western Conference On Linguistics
IJN Sign Language Group
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11 - Grammaticalization A Study of - FULLY FINAL JALS.pdf
Sanjukta Ghosh
Journal of Advanced Linguistic Studies, 2018
Conjunctive participial forms which are primarily used to join events have been found to be used in other senses also such as manner and instrumental cross linguistically (Hindi haskar bolii “she said with a smile,” Kalasha lash kai “slowly (lit.) slow doing” (Peterson 2012), Malayalam kuRiccu “about” from conjunctive participle form of kuRikk “to note,” toTTu “from” CP form of tod “to touch”). Bangla has certain highly polysemous postpositions like /kore/, /die/ and /nie/ which are conjunctive participial forms of the verbs /kOr/ “to do,” /de/ “to give” and /ne/ “to take.” For example, /kore/ is used as an instrumental marker with all kinds of vehicles which may be translated into English with “by.” E.g. /base kore/ “by bus.” It is also used with body parts when they are used as some instrument to carry some function. Similarly, die and nie are also used in different contexts as postpositions roughly translated into English as “through, by, via” etc. and “about.” The paper attempts to provide a cognitive account of grammaticalization process these verb forms have gone through by analyzing different senses of these postpositions. The goal of the paper is to check whether the cognitive senses of these postpositions are associated to the core verbal meaning from where they have come from. Keywords: Grammaticalization, Bangla, postpositions, conjunctive participles
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